The key difference between Hunt + Vitell is that H+V deal with ethical issues.
Ajzen and Fishbein look at the attitude/behaviour relationship.
H+V look at the ethical judgement made as a combination of deontological and teleological evaluations . These judgements form intentions that then lead to behaviour.
With the Theory of Reasoned Action does not explicitly deal with ethics.
Personal Attitudes (based on beliefs)
Sujective norms (based on normative beliefs)
These peronal attitudes and sujective norms combine to give intentions and then behaviours.
Monday, 23 July 2007
Supervisor meeting Thursday 19th July
Overall - quite positive.
HG - look to the ICRT website - try to be available Oct 13-14th
HG - Simon Robinson of Leeds Met will be there - might be worth contacting him
HG - Let's look at Co-op - what exactly do they do/ask people? Get down to Manchester
Neither were convinced by Muncy -Vitell - not sure I am either.
Xavier said to look at Dunlop - what Mohammed did.
AR to email XF re Miller PhD
HG - Check out Journal of Vacation Marketing
XF - AR to email HC or Catherine re dates for submission for R1
HG - Walter Wehrmeyer - check him out
What are Discovery? - mentioned as high end RT company
Germany - stats on consumers - Reiseanalyse...
Mintel maybe in central reference libraries Manchester or leeds
Really need to get all over this scale s business.
Work on Satisfaction stuff
Get more involoved and find out some info from key people
Talked a little about overall strategy.
HG confident of getting TOs on board
Observation pretty much binned. Just catch them for 3 days at end of the tour - find 'hub' points to catch all the punters.
Focus on Aug 14/15 get something to Xavier.
HG - look to the ICRT website - try to be available Oct 13-14th
HG - Simon Robinson of Leeds Met will be there - might be worth contacting him
HG - Let's look at Co-op - what exactly do they do/ask people? Get down to Manchester
Neither were convinced by Muncy -Vitell - not sure I am either.
Xavier said to look at Dunlop - what Mohammed did.
AR to email XF re Miller PhD
HG - Check out Journal of Vacation Marketing
XF - AR to email HC or Catherine re dates for submission for R1
HG - Walter Wehrmeyer - check him out
What are Discovery? - mentioned as high end RT company
Germany - stats on consumers - Reiseanalyse...
Mintel maybe in central reference libraries Manchester or leeds
Really need to get all over this scale s business.
Work on Satisfaction stuff
Get more involoved and find out some info from key people
Talked a little about overall strategy.
HG confident of getting TOs on board
Observation pretty much binned. Just catch them for 3 days at end of the tour - find 'hub' points to catch all the punters.
Focus on Aug 14/15 get something to Xavier.
Thursday, 19 July 2007
TPB
Thinking about Theory of planned behaviour from Fennell / Harrision and a big focus is looking at attitudes - intentions - behaviour.
The biggest issue in TPB is linking all this together - especially when applied to ethical purchasing - one key difference is that in my study the purchase has already been made.
This investigation post-purchase puts a completely different spin on things.
The biggest issue in TPB is linking all this together - especially when applied to ethical purchasing - one key difference is that in my study the purchase has already been made.
This investigation post-purchase puts a completely different spin on things.
Rawwas 1994
Consumer ethics: The possible effects of terrorism and civil unrest on the ethical values of consumers
Research investigating the consumer's ethical beliefs, ideologies and orientation has been limited. Additionally, despite the repeated call in the literature for cross cultural research, virtually no studies have examined the ethical beliefs and ideologies of consumers from cultures other than those in North America. This study partially fills this "gap" in the literature by investigating the ethical beliefs, preferred ethical ideology, and degree of Machiavellianism of consumers from Egypt and Lebanon. The results indicate that consumers in Lebanon, which has been torn by civil unrest and terrorism, tend to be more Machiavellian, less idealistic, and more relativistic than their Egyptian counterparts. Additionally, the Lebanese consumers tend to be more accepting of "questionable" consumer practices.
Uses the same Rawwas methodology
Research investigating the consumer's ethical beliefs, ideologies and orientation has been limited. Additionally, despite the repeated call in the literature for cross cultural research, virtually no studies have examined the ethical beliefs and ideologies of consumers from cultures other than those in North America. This study partially fills this "gap" in the literature by investigating the ethical beliefs, preferred ethical ideology, and degree of Machiavellianism of consumers from Egypt and Lebanon. The results indicate that consumers in Lebanon, which has been torn by civil unrest and terrorism, tend to be more Machiavellian, less idealistic, and more relativistic than their Egyptian counterparts. Additionally, the Lebanese consumers tend to be more accepting of "questionable" consumer practices.
Uses the same Rawwas methodology
Fullerton 1996
Consumer ethics: An assessment of individual behavior in the market place
A national sample of 362 respondents assessed the ethical predisposition of the American marketplace by calculating a consumer ethics index. The results indicate that the population is quite intolerant of perceived ethical abuses. The situations where consumers are ambivalent tend to be those where the seller suffers little or no economic harm from the consumer's action. Younger, more educated, and higher income consumers appear more accepting of these transgressions. The results provided the basis for developing a four-group taxonomy of consumers which retailers should find insightful in assessing potential consumer actions in a variety of situations.
Brings in a new adapted version of MVQ
No startling conclusions
A national sample of 362 respondents assessed the ethical predisposition of the American marketplace by calculating a consumer ethics index. The results indicate that the population is quite intolerant of perceived ethical abuses. The situations where consumers are ambivalent tend to be those where the seller suffers little or no economic harm from the consumer's action. Younger, more educated, and higher income consumers appear more accepting of these transgressions. The results provided the basis for developing a four-group taxonomy of consumers which retailers should find insightful in assessing potential consumer actions in a variety of situations.
Brings in a new adapted version of MVQ
No startling conclusions
Rawwas 1998
A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Ethical Values of Consumers: The Potential Effect of War and Civil Disruption
Past research has examined the ethical judgments of consumers in the U.S., but few studies have investigated such attitudes in foreign-market settings. The current study compares ethical attitudes of consumers in two countries (Ireland and Lebanon) which share a cultural similarity of ongoing war and terrorism. The findings reveal that both cultures exhibit low sensitivity to ethical issues. Furthermore, the findings show that the Irish consumers are less sensitive to consumer ethical practices, less idealistic, more relativistic, and more Machiavellian than Lebanese consumers. The authors recommend that other researchers need to further investigate this perplexing issue because ethics is a research topic which often discourages survey respondents to be candid.
Usual methodology from Rawwas
Past research has examined the ethical judgments of consumers in the U.S., but few studies have investigated such attitudes in foreign-market settings. The current study compares ethical attitudes of consumers in two countries (Ireland and Lebanon) which share a cultural similarity of ongoing war and terrorism. The findings reveal that both cultures exhibit low sensitivity to ethical issues. Furthermore, the findings show that the Irish consumers are less sensitive to consumer ethical practices, less idealistic, more relativistic, and more Machiavellian than Lebanese consumers. The authors recommend that other researchers need to further investigate this perplexing issue because ethics is a research topic which often discourages survey respondents to be candid.
Usual methodology from Rawwas
Rawwas 1996
Consumer ethics: An empirical investigation of the ethical beliefs of Austrian consumers
Business and Marketing ethics have come to the forefront in recent years. While consumers have been surveyed regarding their perceptions of ethical business and marketing practices, research has been minimal with regard to their ethical beliefs and ideologies. In addition, no study has examined the ethical beliefs of Austrian consumers even though Austria maintains a unique status of political neutrality, nonalignment, stability, economic prosperity and geographical proximity to the East- and West-European countries. This research investigates the relationship between Machiavellianism, ethical ideology and ethical beliefs of Austrian consumers. The results indicate that Austrian consumers are mostly "situationists" who, while rejecting moral rules, judge the ethics of a behavior by the consequences and outcomes of the situation.
Same methodology as ever for Rawwas
Business and Marketing ethics have come to the forefront in recent years. While consumers have been surveyed regarding their perceptions of ethical business and marketing practices, research has been minimal with regard to their ethical beliefs and ideologies. In addition, no study has examined the ethical beliefs of Austrian consumers even though Austria maintains a unique status of political neutrality, nonalignment, stability, economic prosperity and geographical proximity to the East- and West-European countries. This research investigates the relationship between Machiavellianism, ethical ideology and ethical beliefs of Austrian consumers. The results indicate that Austrian consumers are mostly "situationists" who, while rejecting moral rules, judge the ethics of a behavior by the consequences and outcomes of the situation.
Same methodology as ever for Rawwas
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